Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) is a type of protein found in various cell types, produced by the TFE3 gene. This gene could play a role in chromosomal changes that happen in certain types of cancer. Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCC) represent a recently identified group of RCC, distinguished by chromosome rearrangements that affect the Xp11.2 breakpoint, leading to gene combinations that include the TFE3 transcription factor gene located at this site. Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare form of soft tissue sarcoma with unclear differentiation. A defining feature of ASPS is a chromosomal alteration at 17q25 and Xp11.2, which creates an ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion gene that is thought to result in an abnormal transcription factor, likely contributing to disease development.